How to Verify Land Documents Before Buying

Buying land in Nigeria can be one of the smartest financial decisions you ever make—if you do it right. Unfortunately, many buyers fall victim to fraud because they fail to verify land documents thoroughly. Whether you’re purchasing land for personal use, investment, or development, proper verification protects you from losing money to scammers, families with disputes, or government-acquired lands.

Why Land Verification Is Important

Land verification ensures that the seller is the true owner of the land and that there are no legal issues surrounding the property. Without proper checks, you risk buying land that is under government acquisition, involved in family disputes, or outrightly fake.

Key Documents to Verify Before Buying Land

1. **Survey Plan**

The survey plan shows the exact location and size of the land. It also includes the beacon numbers, the surveyor’s stamp, and the land’s coordinates. You must verify that the survey is authentic and matches the physical land you are being shown.

2. **Deed of Assignment**

This document transfers ownership from the seller to you. It should be prepared by a lawyer and signed by both parties. Before signing, confirm that the seller truly owns the land.

3. **Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)**

The C of O is issued by the State Government and is one of the strongest proofs of land ownership. Always confirm the document number and owner’s name with the land registry.

4. **Governor’s Consent**

If the land has been sold previously, the transfer must be approved by the Governor. A property without Governor’s Consent cannot legally be resold.

5. **Receipt of Purchase**

Every payment made should have a receipt signed by the rightful owner or authorized representative.

How to Verify Land Documents Step-by-Step

Step 1: Conduct a Physical Inspection

Visit the land yourself. Check boundaries, meet the neighbors, and ask questions. Many scams involve showing buyers land far from the actual surveyed location.

Step 2: Verify the Survey Plan at the Surveyor General’s Office

This verification confirms whether the land is free, under acquisition, or reserved for government projects.

Step 3: Conduct a Search at the Land Registry

Your lawyer should search the land registry records to confirm ownership, check for encumbrances, and ensure the land is not under litigation.

Step 4: Confirm Family or Community Ownership

If it is an “omo-onile” land (family-owned land), you must confirm that all key family members authorize the sale. This helps prevent future disputes.

Step 5: Verify Titles with a Real Estate Lawyer

A professional real estate lawyer is essential for title verification. They understand documents, loopholes, and land scams.

Red Flags to Watch Out For

Conclusion

Land verification is not optional—it is the most important part of the land buying process. Always involve a lawyer, confirm documents, and never rely solely on verbal claims. When done correctly, you secure your investment and enjoy peace of mind.